Yesterday in Music History: Maybelle Carter

“She’d hook that right thumb under that big bass string and just like magic the other fingers moved fast like a threshing machine, always on the right strings, and out came the lead notes and the accompaniment at the same time. The left hand worked in perfect timing, and the frets seemed to pull those nimble fingers to the very place where they were supposed to be, and the guitar rang clear and sweet with a mellow touch that made you know it was Maybelle playing the guitar.”

June Carter Cash describing her mother, Maybelle Carter, playing the guitar.

Maybelle Addington Carter was born on May 10, 1909 in Nicklesville, Virginia. While still a teenager, she played guitar and sang back-up in a trio with Sara Carter, her cousin, and A.P.Carter, Sara’s husband. Sara sang lead and played autoharp and guitar. A.P. sang bass. The group was known as the Carter Family.

On August 1, 1927, in Bristol, Tennessee, the Carter Family made their first recordings for Ralph Peer, a traveling talent scout for Victor Records. From then until 1943, when A.P. and Sara left the group, the Carter Family recorded hundreds of songs and sold millions of records.

Thanks to those records and several years of live radio broadcasts, Maybelle’s guitar style, her “Carter Scratch,” was heard all over the country and adopted by generations of guitar players.

To try to put the extent and importance of her influence simply:

Maybelle Carter was Woody Guthrie’s favorite guitar player.

Woody Guthrie was the primary influence of Bob Dylan.

And who did Bob Dylan influence?

Well, as a student said when I posed that question in class one day:

“Everyone.”

Maybelle Carter passed away on October 23, 1978.

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On This Day In Music History: Robert Johnson

The first time I heard the words and music of Robert Johnson, I was listening to a Led Zeppelin album.

It was October 1969. I was in high school and the previous August, I’d seen Led Zeppelin in concert in Framingham, MA with my good friend, Tom. The new album, their second release, was awesome. One track, “The Lemon Song,” had some rather interesting lyrics. The liner notes gave songwriting credit to all four members of the band.

About six weeks later, I heard the words and music of Robert Johnson again. That time I was listening to Let It Bleed, the new album by the Rolling Stones (my other favorite band back then) and the song “Love In Vain” really stood out with its gorgeous acoustic guitar playing, evocative lyrics and passionate Mick Jagger vocals. The songwriter was listed as “Woody Payne.”

That sort of thing happened quite a bit in the 60’s.

Robert johnson was born on May 8, 1911, in Hazelhurst, Mississippi. To list but two of his many accolades, Cub Koda, writing in The All Music Guide to the Blues said that he is “certainly the most celebrated figure in the history of the blues.”  Author Peter Guralnick wrote: “Robert Johnson created music of the highest sophistication, music in which not a single note is misplaced, in which metaphor can become meaning without the need for explanation.” The “How” of how he became such an artist is the subject of more speculation than for that of any other musician.

Over the course of five recording sessions, Nov.23, 26 & 27, 1936 in San Antonio, Texas and June 19 & 20, 1937 in Dallas, Texas, he recorded a total of 29 songs or “sides.” His records, 10-inch, 78-rpm discs with one song per side, sold mostly to an African-American audience in the rural South and Southwest. At the time, the total sales from the sides released from his first sessions numbered around 5000 discs. 

In 1961, John Hammond and Frank Driggs of Columbia Records gathered 16 of Johnson’s sides together and released them on a 12-inch LP, entitled The King of the Delta Blues Singers. Volume 2 soon followed. Both albums are available on CD.

If you haven’t heard the words and music of Robert Johnson by Robert Johnson, don’t wait any longer. If you have, listen again.

Robert Johnson died of mysterious circumstances on August 16, 1938.

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On This Day In Music History: Pete Seeger

In the room where I teach, on the wall behind where I sit, hung so that my students can see it just over my left shoulder, is a framed quote: “Practice may not make perfect but it sure as hell makes for improvement.”

The quote is from Pete Seeger, found in the introduction to his children’s picture book  Abiyoyo (1985).

On May 3, 1919, in New York City, Charles and Constance Seeger welcomed their third son, Peter, into the world. At the age of 8, Pete learned to play the ukulele. When he was 13, he took up the 4-string banjo and then switched to 5-string banjo when he was 19. When Pete was around 21, Huddie Ledbetter taught him to play the 12-string guitar.

In March of 1940, he gave his first concert performance. He went on to perform and record as a member of the Almanac Singers and then the Weavers, who in 1950, had a #1 hit record with their version of “Goodnight, Irene.” As a solo performer, Pete sang and played for decades in schools, coffehouses, concert halls, on college campuses and in all sorts of venues across America and around the world; inspiring countless numbers of people, young and old, with folk music.

From 1957-1962, Pete recorded a five-album series for Folkways Records entitled “American Favorite Ballads.” In 2002, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings began releasing the series on CD in five volumes. Listening just to Volume 1, I am enthralled by and thankful for the incredible, timeless songs that Pete has preserved. “John Henry,” “Shenandoah,” “Home On The Range,” “Oh, Susanna,” “Wayfaring Stranger” and “Frankie and Johnny” to name a very few.  His renditions are joyous, alive and though the songs are for the most part simple, he makes them “vibrate and sparkle with the life that is within them.” (From: The Folksinger’s Guide To The 12-String Guitar As Played By Leadbelly: An Instruction Manual by Julius Lester and Pete Seeger, 1965)

Last August, not long after celebrating his 90th birthday with a star-studded concert at New York City’s Madison Square Garden, Pete took to the stage again. This time it was at Fort Adams State Park in Newport, RI, for the first night of George Wein’s Folk Festival 50, a two-day celebration of the 50th anniversary of the first Newport Folk Festival (which Pete helped organize and also played at). And, thanks to my amazing wife and the best Father’s Day/birthday present ever, I, as I kept incredulously telling myself, was there.

As Pete strode on stage, with his banjo in one hand and 12-string guitar in the other, the 9000-plus  in the audience stood and roared in excitement and wonder and with much love. Starting with the 12-string, he picked out the notes of the melody of  “Turn! Turn! Turn!” and, after apologizing for not having much of his singing voice left, turned the singing over to us, lining out the lyrics as we went along.

His next songs paid tribute to his old guitar teacher (“The Midnight Special”) and Irving Berlin (“Blue Skies”). Then, line by line, he taught us his song “Take It From Dr. King.”  The stage soon filled with the other musicians who had played during the day at the festival, and the evening air was filled with sing-along after fabulous sing-along: “This Little Light,” “Guantanamera,” “Worried Man Blues,” “If I Had A Hammer” and the finale “This Land Is Your Land.”

That was Saturday, August 1st, 2009. The next night, Sunday, in the rain, he and about 7800 of us, did it again.

If you want to hear Pete Seeger, his Greatest Hits CD on Columbia features his original songs and the American Favorite Ballads series on Smithsonian Folkways features all those great old folk songs. If you want to see Pete Seeger, the DVD Pete Seeger: the Power of Song is outstanding and if you want to read about him, How Can I Keep From Singing: Pete Seeger by David Dunaway is the definitive biography.

Happy 91st Birthday, Pete Seeger. Thank you for everything.

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Many Thanks

This blog came into the world on April 18, 2010. Since then, it has enjoyed hundreds of views, several thoughtful comments and much encouraging feedback.

I send many thanks and my deepest gratitude to all of you who have viewed, commented and emailed. As April goes and May arrives, there will be much to celebrate and write about. The upcoming anniversaries and birthdays will inspire more “On This Day In Music History” posts and who knows what else. Given the density of my personal and professional life during May, I will do my best to keep up and do them all justice.

I hope you keep coming back to see what I’ve come up with and keep those cards and letters (aka: comments and emails) coming. And, by all means: tell your friends!

Thanks again. Talk to you soon.

EFS

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How would you describe the sound of a guitar?

The sound of a musical instrument is generally referred to as its “tone.” Among many definitions, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary says that tone is: “sound quality” and “accent or inflection expressive of an emotion.” In the recent issue of Acoustic Guitar Magazine, “New Gear” columnist Scott Nygaard uses the words “warmth,” “sparkle” and “chang” to convey his impressions of the tone quality of a new Collings dreadnaught-size, steel-string acoustic guitar. In a previous post, I used the words “searing” and “soulful” to try to describe the sound of Albert King’s guitar playing.

Late the other afternoon as my wife and I were beginning to prepare our dinner, I put on a 1992 CD by a prominent Jazz Fusion electric guitarist. Before the second piece had finished, I found that the electronic, effects-laden sound of the guitar had gotten to be rather annoying.

When I came back into the kitchen, my wife asked why I’d changed the music.

I told her that I liked the clear, round sound of the guitars better on this one.

She smiled. “Round?”

“I know,” I replied. “But yes, round. The sound of each note is round and clear, like a teardrop or a falling drop of rain.”

“Hmmm,” she pondered.

I continued: “It’s not easy to do. It’s like trying to describe a color. How would you describe the sound of a guitar?”


P.S.: the second CD was “Conversations In Swing Guitar” from 1999 with Duke Robillard and Herb Ellis. Highly recommended.

 

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On This Day In Music History: Albert King

During the late 60’s and early 70’s (my high school and college years), my hands-down favorite radio station was WBCN-FM out of Boston. They played everything and anything, especially the artists and recordings that you were never going to hear on AM radio. When I tuned in, I never knew what I was going to discover.

One night (I really wish I could remember where I was) I turned on the radio and the most searing, soulful, wailing electric guitar I’d ever heard exploded out of the speaker. As I listened,  the soft accompaniment of the back-up band came through revealing a slow Blues shuffle, walking bass line and all, and then a vocalist, exhorting the audience with demands of: “Can you dig it?” and proclaiming: “You know I’ve got the blues!” And then more of that incredible guitar.

When the long track was over, the dj announced that I’d been listening to “Blues Power” from the album “Live Wire/Blues Power” by singer/guitarist Mr. Albert King.

Albert King was born today, April 25, 1923, in Indianola, Mississippi. He got his first guitar at the age of 19, in 1942. He formed his first professional group in 1952 and made his recording debut as the headliner on Nov. 30, 1953. “Live Wire/Blues Power” was recorded at the Filmore West in San Francisco on June 26 & 27, 1968.

Albert played  left handed on a normally-strung Gibson Flying V guitar and used a unique altered tuning. Thanks to this tuning, his “upside-down” guitar and his large, strong hands, he could execute the most devastating, widest ranging string bends of any guitarist ever. His sound – a full bodied yet cutting, obviously high volume tone and those awesome bends – is instantly recognizable.

I had the good fortune and distinct pleasure to see him perform live once. He played in Boston at the Boston Globe Jazz Festival on March 23, 1985. He shared the bill with Stevie Ray Vaughn, no small figure in the world of Blues guitar himself, and though they sadly did not play together, it was a fantastic and memorable show.

Albert King passed away on Dec. 21, 1992 in Memphis, TN.

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On This Day In Music History: “T-Bone Shuffle”

You’ll be seeing quite a few of these “On this day…” entries in my blog. They are my way of celebrating music and musicians that, in my humble (or not-so-humble: I do have a blog.) opinion, deserve celebration.

Blues singer and guitarist T-Bone Walker recorded “T-Bone Shuffle” in Chicago, in 1955. This song has a wonderful guitar/sax riff in the introduction that I use with students who are interested in learning to play lead guitar. It also introduces them to the guitarist of whom Bill Dahl in the All Music Guide to the Blues says: “Modern electric blues guitar can be traced directly back to this Texas-born pioneer.”

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Hello world!

“Good music doesn’t get old.” This quote, attributed to Mr. Jelly Roll Morton (New Orleans pianist, composer and self-proclaimed inventor of Jazz) has become a bit of a mantra for me. There is so much good and old music that is fast being forgotten that I need to do something beyond my teaching to keep it alive. Thus this blog.

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